A Systematic Review Of The Existing Literature On Nursing

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Introduction A systematic review of the existing literature on nursing and its various dimensions was done prior to the conduct of the research to have an in-depth understanding of the field as well as the various factors that have an effect on nursing. This also aids in exploring the extent to which the field of nursing have been explored. Nurses and midwives are the largest group of health workers who provide a wide range of health services, which include promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and supportive care to individuals, families and groups (WHO 2006). Their adequate representation and utilization in the health care system is very crucial to achieve the results for the services that are†¦show more content†¦Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.’ (ICN, 2002) There are several definitions for the term ‘Nurse’. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) provides a very comprehensive definition for the term ‘Nurse’. ‘The nurse is a person who has completed a program of basic, generalized nursing education and is authorized by the appropriate regulatory authority to practice nursing in his/her country. Basic nursing education is a formally recognized program of study providing a broad and sound foundation in the behavioral, life, and nursing sciences for the general practice of nursing, for a leadership role, and for post-basic education for specialty or advanced nursing practice. The nurse is prepared and authorized (1) to engage in the general scope of nursing practice, including the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and care of physically ill, mentally ill, and disabled people of all ages and in all health care and other community settings; (2) to carry out health care teaching; (3) to participate fully as a member of the health care team; (4) to supervise and train nursing and health care auxiliaries; and (5) to be involved in research.’ (ICN, 1987) 2.2.2 Roles and Functions of the Nurse There are several roles assumed by a nurse in the process of caring for the patients. 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Incident of the French Camp Free Essays

Incident of the French Camp Reference to Context Introduction These lines have been extracted from the poem Incident of the French Camp written by Robert Browning. The poem describes an act of chivalry, gallantry, patriotism and sacrifice on the part of a young French Soldier. The French Army had attacked the German city of Ratisbon. We will write a custom essay sample on Incident of the French Camp or any similar topic only for you Order Now After they had achieved triumph, the news of the victory was conveyed to the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte by that young soldier who was brimming with pride and glory although he was on the verge of death. Thereafter, the wounded soldier breathed his last. Lines YOU KNOW, WE FRENCH STORMED RATISBON: A MILE OR SO AWAY, ON A LITTLE MOUND, NAPOLEON STOOD ON OUR STORMING DAY; WITH NECK OUT-THRUST, YOU FANCY HOW, LEGS WIDE, ARMS LOCKED BEHIND, AS IF TO BALANCE THE PRONE BROW OPPRESSIVE WITH ITS MIND. Explanation In the lines given for explanation, the poet is describing the scene of the French attack on the German city of Ratisbon. Marshal Lannes led the French aggression in the year 1783. On that occasion, the French emperor Napoleon stood on a hillock just a mile away from the scene of the onslaught. He appeared to be in a pensive mood. He had his neck sticking out and his legs were wide apart. He had his arms joined behind his bark and a cloud on his brow was quite visible. It seemed that something very important was weighing upon his mind and he was perhaps working out his future strategy and line of action. Lines JUST AS PERHAPS HE MUSED, MY PLANS THAT SOAR, TO EARTH MAY FALL, LET ONCE MY ARMY. LEADER LANNES WAVER AT YONDER WALL,’- OUT ’TWIST THE BATTERY SMOKES THERE FLEW A RIDER, BOUND ON BOUND FULL-GALLOPING; NOR BRIDLE DREW UNTIL HE REACHED THE MOUND. Explanation These lines bring to light the contemplative nature of Napoleon, and the courage and enthusiasm of the young soldier who was heading towards him to convey the good news of victory. Napoleon was lost in his thoughts pondering over the events of the days to come. All his future planning depended upon his success at Ratisbon. He was eagerly waiting to see the French flag flutter over the German City. As he concentrated upon his future strategy, he observed a young French soldier rushing towards him, riding at top speed. The rider pierced through the blanket of smoke. He came straight to the place where Napoleon was standing and was waiting to receive the good tidings. Lines THEN OFF THERE FLUNG IN SMILING JOY, AND HELD HIMSELF ERECT BY JUST HIS HORSE’S MANE, A BOY: YOU HARDLY COULD SUSPECT – (SO TIGHT HE KEPT HIS LIPS COMPRESSED, SCARCE ANY BLOOD CAME THROUGH) YOU LOOKED TWICE ERE YOU SAW HIS BREAST WAS ALL BUT SHOT IN TWO. Explanation In the given lines, the poet appreciated the heroic behaviour of the young soldier. Although he was fatally wounded, he displayed extraordinary courage, confidence and self-control. He jumped off his horse and stood at attention before his chief. His mouth was full of blood but he had his lips so tightly sealed that not a drop of blood oozed out of it. He maintained his cool and composure, and with confidence and chivalry, conveyed the cheerful news of victory. One could never realize that the young soldier’s breast was shot into two unless one has very keen and observant eye on him. Lines ‘WELL, CRIED HE, ‘EMPEROR, BY GOD’S GRACE WE’VE GOT YOU RATISBON! THE MARSHAL’S IN THE MARKET-PLACE, AND YOU’LL BE THERE ANON TO SEE YOUR FLAG-BIRD FLAP HIS VANS WHERE I, TO HEART’S DESIRE, PERCHED HIM! ’ THE CHIEF’S EYE FLASHED; HIS PLANS SOARED UP AGAIN LIKE FIRE. Explanation In the lines given for explanation, the poet is describing the way in which the young soldier informed Napoleon of their success and the reaction of the Emperor to this good news. Although the young man was in intense pain and suffering, he finally opened his lips, and with a great sense of pleasure and personal pride, informed Napoleon of the annexation of the German City. Napoleon was delighted to learn that Marshall Lannes had reached the heart of the city and the emperor was eagerly awaited by the triumphant forces. The soldier felt a special kind of joy and pride in the fact that he, with his own hands, had flown the French flag over Ratisbon. The flag had the figure of a bird on it. Thus when the flag fluttered in the air, it seemed as though the bird on it. Thus when the flag fluttered in the air, it seemed as though the bird was flapping its wings. No sooner did Napoleon get the news of victory, a sparkle of joy and satisfaction came to his eyes. He once again started thinking about his future strategy. Lines THE CHIEF’S EYE FLASHED; BUT PRESENTLY SOFTENED ITSELF, AS SHEATHES A FILM THE MOTER-EAGLE’S EYE WHEN HER BRUISED EAGLET BREATHES: ‘YOU’RE WOUNDED! , ‘NAY’, HIS SOLDIER’S PRIDE TOUCHED TO THE QUICK, HE SAID: ‘I’M KILLED, SIRE! † AND HIS CHIEF BESIDE, SMILING, THE BOY FELL DEAD. Explanation These lines bring to light Napoleon’s loving and affectionate behaviour towards the young soldier who was about to breathe his last. The good news of success had brought to Napoleon’s eyes a special kind of glitter which faded away no sooner had he noticed that the soldier was fatally wounded. The feelings of Napoleon at that moment were just like those of the mother eagle who gets confused when she finds her young ones badly bruised and on the verge of death. She fails to understand how to save their lives. Similarly, that maternal affection surged up in Napoleon’s heart and he inquired whether the boy was wounded. The soldier proudly declared that he felt joy and thrill in giving his life for his country. There was a smile of pride and satisfaction on the young soldier’s lips as he fell dead near his emperor’s feet. How to cite Incident of the French Camp, Papers

Mobile Forensic on Iphone free essay sample

In recent years, mobile forensics is a new science, which means that the items we are used to retrieve from computers are not available on the mobile devices; one such example is deleted files. By constantly changing the models of mobile phones, it is deemed to be a great challenge. Therefore, there is a need to be able to perform forensic investigations on mobile phones since majority of the people rely on mobile phones, particularly iPhone. Also, iPad and iTouch are also hot products developed by Apple. The iPhone was first released to the market in June 2007. The main purpose of the iPhone released was to allow consumers and the public to be able to check their emails, take photographs, browse the internet and many more functions on the go which saves them trouble of switching on their laptop or PC just to check and make their replies respectively. Other than the named functions of an iPhone, there are also applications that help the organization work flow and also provide entertainment. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Forensic on Iphone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As iPhone has been widely used today, more and more applications are developed to help one does their job on the go. These applications not only serve to help the organization, it also helps students and even the elderly these days. With such a robust amoung of iPhone users, many consumers have treated it as a mini computer no matter where they go. With a large number of users using this smart phone, this would mean that most of the data will be stored in this small little device. In iPhone forensics, there are many aspects which we are looking at in terms of hardware and software. We will further explain the aspects below. iPhone Specification Comparing the differences between the four different iPhone models, iPhones do have integrated GPS except that of iPhone first generation, which can actually track the location of the iPhones. This helps in tracking the previous locations which the iPhone has been which the information can be viewed at the micro read level which will be covered later on. Also, the table below shows the basic applications inbuilt in the iPhone. These applications might render some help in the mobile forensic investigation. Application| How information helps| Map| Previous location user has gone to| Call| Provide call logs between user and others| Photos| Provide latitude and longitude when the picture was taken (if location services are enabled)| Mail| Emails received/sent/drafts| Messages| Conversations between user and others| Calender| Provides dates user deemed as important (marked dates)| By having the information from these built-in applications, we can at least gather some evidence and document the end results to further on analyze before we can recover deleted files such as deleted emails. iPhone leveling When we talk about iPhone leveling, we will tools to do the different classification. The tool, developed by Sam Brothers in 2007, allows the examiner to assign the iPhone to whichever category depending on the different depths of examination they are doing. The main purpose of this tool is to allow easier comparison between the tools and provides a standard for examiners. The purpose is also to let examiners know what they are doing with the iPhone. Figure 1. 1 It can be seen that the higher the different level of pyramid, the more technical the methods will be. For each of the levels progressing up, the time needed for performing analysis will be significantly longer. Also, the techniques will be in-depth each by each level. Manual Extraction is the most significant phrase as it is the first hand information of the device, first hand meaning the physical contact of the phone, browsing the data using the keypad and documenting the results. There will be error in the analysis will arise if the phone is physically damaged (Screen unresponsive/ Buttons spoilt). In Level two, this involves logical analysis. Logical Analysis, involves a connection of the device with a computer and analyzing it with software. This involves looking into details of what the phone has. In level 3, which is the hex dump, requires a connection to be established in Level 2 in order to push the data stored on the phone across to the communication conduit. The next level is Chip-off level. This involves the acquisition directly from the device memory chip which is the NAND Flash Memory. The chip will be physically removed from the device and data will be extracted from the chip reader and stored on a computer. One challenges faced is that the time taken to interpret and read the raw data will be long. The last level will be the Micro Read level. This level involves manual reading of physical gates and interpreting data seen on the chip. Because it is at the highest level, this means that the process of micro reading is time consuming and expensive. Acquisition Types There are a few acquisition types. The types of acquisition include: Backup, Logical, Physical and Nontraditional. These few types of acquisition techniques may overlap with what is covered in the previous sections. I will explain further in the different types below. Backup Backup in IPhone is stored in the active directory. When we sync data on iPhone, it is simply to ensure what is kept in the phone is in sync in the PC, only certain data are synced. For example, photos, contacts and some application data are sync. In the backup phase, every single files or directory is being duplicated. For example, call logs, SMS and other applications are all backed up. In this acquisition type, it will read the data from the iPhone backup files created through the iTunes using Apple Synchronization Protocol. Only files that are synchronized by this protocol can be analyzed. Logical In logical acquisition, it involves direct obtaining of data from the iPhone and is preferred over recovering files from the computer the iPhone have sync with. Using this approach, the active files and folders from the iPhone’s file system are recovered; however data contained in the unallocated phrase (slack space) is not recovered. Physical In physical acquisition, it allows bit by bit copy of the file system of the iPhone. The process of this particular acquisition is a more complex process as it recovers the most data. This method can recover any data stored on the phone. When looking further at this type of acquisition, even deleted messages , photos , GPS location can be recovered. Nontraditional In a nontraditional method, Jail breaking could be one techniques in the nontraditional methods. In a jail broken firmware, it is meant to modify the firmware to allow better flexibility. This technique of investigations will require a high educational experience personnel as the firmware is already mess up. IPhone OS In iPhone, IOS is the platform and the operating system that is developed for iPhone. With the IOS developed, it is now running in different devices like the IPad, Itouch and so on. IOS Layers Layers| Description of layers| Core OS| This layer is situated directly above the hardware which provides the services which include low-level networking, access to the accessories as well as OS handling. | Core Services| Provides the minimum systems needs that are required in the applications of the device. It contains fundamental interface to allow low level data types. | Media| This is the part where all the audio and videos are stored. | Cocoa Touch| Contains technological things that provide the backbone to implement the virtual interface for applications. Objective –C is being used. | File System The file system used by any Apple device is HFS Plus. The HFS Plus is used to ensure that disk space efficiency is met, international-friendly filenames and making it compatible to any operating systems. iPhone disk partitions iPhone uses NAND Flash which have two partitions. The two partitions are firmware partition and user data partition. The firmware partition is when the operating system and the applications are hold. The user partition takes up most space on the disk. This is the place where most evidence can be found. The info taken from this part of the partition will be transforming to a disk image and named as a ‘. dmg’ file and put on mac for further analysis. The table below will show you more about the two partitions: | Partition 1 â€Å"System†| Partition 2 â€Å"User Data†| Referred as| System or firmware partition| User Data or Media partition| Storage on device | 0. 93/8 GB; 1. 4/16GB; 2. 7/32GB| 7. 07/8GB; 14. 6/16 GB; 29. 3/32 GB| Mount location on iPhone| â€Å"/† (root)| â€Å"/Private/var†| Type of data stored| Operating System, basic application, firmware upgrades| All user data (SMS, Call Logs, Photos, ITunes files, etc)| Figure 1. Iphone disk partitions( Taken from reference below) Acquisition Techniques There are many acquisition techniques as discuss earlier. There are three main methods of acquisitions. The three main types are physical, logical and back up acquisition. In the Backup acquisition, the backup of the device on the computer is retrieved. This backup is used only when the device is not available. The following files status. plist, info,plist and manifest. plist are the files that contain configuration files about the phone or any apple device, backup files, and status of backup. The two main files that we are looking at is *. mdata and *. mdinfo. These two types of files are the binary files which contains user information that are not readable when opened directly. Tools are needed to enable you to read these files. All the plist file should be converted to xml in order for it to be legible. In an unencrypted backup, it is easy to acquire the data, while in an encrypted backup require a password to be keyed in before syncing. Therefore, the standard tool is not able to view the files directly unless a password cracking tool is used to decrypt the password. In a logical acquisition, active file system are being duplicated into another file. These files will then be viewed in particular tool and then export to become a report. The overall steps involve in the acquisitions is the following no matter what software is being used: 1. Run the forensic software of your choice 2. Connect the device 3. Begin to acquire the image from the phone: This step will pull out all the information from the device that is backup via the apple synchronization protocol. 4. Depending on the software you use, some of these could be turn into a report. Zdziarski Technique In this technique, the examiner could use bit-by-bit copy of the user data partition. This process requires the modifying of the read-only system partition. This method requires the examiner to know some commands in order to use this method as the tool is command line driven. There is some software required for this method which needs to be installed in the system partition to allow this to work. Once the phone is rebooted, the user initiates a raw disk image on the device and pulls it onto the forensic workstation for further analysis. iXAM Technique XAM was created by Forensic Telecommunications Services Ltd. This is a software base which requires a USB dongle. It runs on windows only, but able to run in a VM environment that can be run on Linux or Mac. iXAM is installed by running a setup file, provided by FTS on an external USB drive. The iXAM works when an unassigned code is sent over a USB connection to a device running in the DFU mode. Before I moved on further, I would like to describe on the different operating modes of a iPhone. Normal mode In the Normal mode, the device is on in a typical fashion. Recovery mode In the Recovery mode, the examiner will boot the device into iBoot, bypassing the Operating System. iBoot is something at level 2 of the Apple device which is where the recovery mode lies. By powering off the device, and holding down the home button and connect to your computer will move to the recovery mode. DFU mode In DFU mode, actions are required to initiate various actions on the iPhone, most commonly to perform a physical acquisition. It can be called as the â€Å"Firmware upgrade â€Å" mode. In order to get into DFU mode, you have to connect phone with the computer and make sure that itunes is not auto on. If it is auto connect to itunes be sure to exit. Then hold down both power and home button for ten secs and release the power button(while holding the home button) Continue to hold the home button for ten more secs to enter the DFU mode. When entered correctly, no apple logo should be seen. Once you are in the DFU mode, the code will run on the RAM and not at the user partition. The iXAM also prevents the device from connected to the external networks. This is an important feature as this allows the protection of the data which is required in computer forensics too. Real World Applications Mobile forensics on iPhone, iPad and iTouch has been widely used among all the countries due to the fact that Apple users have a fairly active hacking community which yielded tools and researches which support forensic investigations. Some examples of tools that supported are: -UFED Cellebrite -Oxygen Forensics for iPhone -MacLockPick SubRosaSoft By having forensic investigation, it is a must to make sure that the procedure of investigating the source information does not be modified in any manner just so to maintain the integrity of the information. If the source information has been modified and that the information could not be restored back to its original state, the forensic investigation will be deemed fail. Two techniques that can be utilized by the forensic software products are as follow: Backup: By analyzing the backup of the iPhone file system using Apples protocol. The procedure involves reading and acquires files explicitly synchronized by Apples synchronization from the iPhone. By querying the databases which the information are stored in, that is SQLite, the chance of recovering the information such as deleted call logs and messages will be higher. Physical bit-by-bit copy: The process involves a physical bit-by-bit copy of file system. Although this technique has the highest amount of data being recovered, it is usually considered to be more complex and requires other sophisticated tools. By having forensic investigations on mobile such as iPhone, challenges are often faced by the investigators. One such challenge is the time taken to perform the physical acquisitions and analysis. Secondly, there are more than a dozen of software and hardware solutions for the data extraction and analysis in the market. Product descriptions given on websites do not give clear understanding of software functions and features, which made the product, seemed unclear. Conclusion In order to do mobile forensic investigation or analysis, we must first know how the things work inside iPhone, iPad and iTouch. As it seem, all Apple touchscreen devices uses the same iOS (iPhone Operating System), therefore it is much easier to do a forensic analysis since they are all on the same platform. Reflections and Task Allocation Task Allocation: Spread across all parts and overall edit. By researching on the real-world applications, I found out that there are actually a lot of mobiles forensic tools out in the industry to try out. From this assignment, I have learnt that mobile forensics is equally important to the normal forensic investigations because in this technology advanced technology world, mobile forensic will be really needed in the near future. It consists of a lot of steps in order to get the data needed. E. g. deleted messages will have to go through a lot of process to retrieve, which might be time consuming. By Candice.

Is Wrestling For Children Essays - WWE Hall Of Fame,

Is Wrestling For Children? Is Wrestling Suitable for Children? Children all over the world are watching wrestling now more than ever. Some say it is very entertaining while others say it is garbage. Nonetheless, tickets are selling in less than an hour. ?Besides matches, which are when two or more wrestlers compete in a ring, there are also interviews where the wrestlers state how they feel to the fans. In these interviews, some wrestlers curse and say disgusting phrases that parents feel their children should not hear?, said a high-school student-wrestling fan. This is one of the many reasons why parents ban their children from watching wrestling. Although some strict parents would never let their children watch wrestling, it is still suitable for children over a certain age of about twelve or thirteen. Today, many people over the age of ten watch wrestling. Kids love to talk about Federation television programs with their friends. Attending a live event allows a family, friends and even football fans to exercise their First Amendment rights. Fans express themselves with self-styled signs that they bring to Federation live events. They even take pictures of their favorite superstars and mock them as well said a student. ?It is not right for a child to know these words but they still do learn them in school and other social places?, said a parent. Parents should not immediately think that their child is doing these things all from wrestling or something else on television. Wrestling teaches children some interesting things that they should know. The parent could let them watch it not only for the entertainment side of it, but also for its learning experience. ?The announcers at the show call the match move-by-move and also use some interesting words that helped me on the SATs?, said a student. Parents must not ban their children from wrestling all because they feel the wrestlers have no intelligence. The only reason why they might have a real reason to ban their children from watching wrestling is the sex appeal involved, stated a parent. It is not fair that if an eleven-year-old boy, who probably does not like girls yet, watches wresting and sees what happens. Parents do not want to let their children watch a woman and a man celebrate after a victory by kissing. If parents do not want their children to watch the Monday Night Raw show and the Thursday night Smackdown show, then they should let them watch the two weekend shows. These shows (WWF Superstars and WWF Livewire) are summaries of what went on in the past week without showing any violence, stated another student. In conclusion, wrestling is suitable for children depending on the maturity of that child. It is up to the parent whether their child should watch wrestling although it is practically the same as watching a rated R movie or even HBO.

A Plan of Action for Success in High School or College

A Plan of Action for Success in High School or College Strategic plans are tools that many organizations use to keep themselves successful and on track. A strategic plan is a roadmap for success. You can use the same sort of plan to establish a route to academic success in high school or college. The plan may involve a strategy for achieving success in a single year of high school or for your entire educational experience. Ready to get started? Most basic strategic plans contain these five elements: Mission StatementGoalsStrategy or MethodsObjectivesEvaluation and Review Create a Mission Statement   You will kick off your roadmap for success by determining your overall mission for the year (or four years) of education. Your dreams will be put into words in a written statement called a mission statement. You need to decide ahead of time what youd like to accomplish, then write a paragraph to define this goal. This statement can be a little vague, but thats only because you need to think big at the beginning stage. (Youll see that you should go into detail a little later.) The statement should spell out an overall target that would enable you to reach your highest potential. Your statement should be personalized: it should fit your individual personality as well as your special dreams for the future. As you craft a mission statement, consider how you are special and different, and think about how you can tap in to your special talents and strengths to achieve your target. You might even come up with a motto. Sample Mission Statement Stephanie Baker is a young woman determined to graduate in the top two percent of her class. Her mission is to use the gregarious, open side of her personality to build positive relationships, and to tap in to her studious side to keep her grades high. She will manage her time and her relationships to establish a professional reputation by building on her social skills and her study skills. Stephanies motto is: Enrich your life and reach for the stars. Select the Goals   Goals are general statements that identify some benchmarks youll need to accomplish in order to meet your mission. Most likely you will need to address some possible stumbling blocks you may face on your journey. As in business, you need to recognize any weaknesses and create a defensive strategy in addition to your offensive strategy. Offensive Goals: I will set aside specific times to do homework.I will build relationships with teachers who write great recommendations! Defensive Goal: I will identify and eliminate time-wasting activities by half.I will manage relationships that involve drama and that threaten to drain my energy. Plan Strategies for Reaching Every Goal   Take a good look at the goals youve developed and come up with specifics for reaching them. If one of your goals is dedicating two hours a night to homework, a strategy for reaching that goal is to decide what else might interfere with that and plan around it. Be real when you examine your routine and your plans. For instance, if you are addicted to American Idol or So You Think You Can Dance, make plans to record your show(s) and also to keep others from spoiling the outcomes for you. See how this reflects reality? If you think something so frivolous as planning around a favorite show doesnt belong in a strategic plan, think again! In real life, some of the most popular reality shows consume four to ten hours of our time every week (watching and discussing). This is just the sort of hidden roadblock that can bring you down! Create Objectives   Objectives are clear and measurable statements, as opposed to goals, which are essential but indistinct. They are specific acts, tools, numbers, and things that provide concrete evidence of success. If you do these, youll know youre on track. If you dont carry out your objectives, you can bet youre not reaching your goals. You can kid yourself about many things in your strategic plan, but not objectives. Thats why theyre important. Sample Objectives Buy a planner and write in it every day.Sign a homework contract.Secure a device for recording my favorite shows.Take a learning style exam to determine my best learning style. Evaluate Your Progress   Its not easy to write a good strategic plan on your first try. This is actually a skill that some organizations find difficult. Every strategic plan should have in place a system for an occasional reality check. If you find, halfway through the year, that you are not meeting goals; or if you discover a few weeks into your mission that your objectives arent helping you to get where you need to be, it may be time to revisit your strategic plan and hone it.

The Best AP US History Books Full Expert Reviews

The Best AP US History Books Full Expert Reviews SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Need some help studying for AP US History? Look no further. In this post, we cover the best AP US History books, from textbooks to prep books, and even study tools such as flashcards and websites. Read on to get the best help you can get for studying for the AP US History exam. Best AP US History Textbook: The American Pageant, 16th Edition Amazon Price: $130 for hardcover, $70 for eTextbook As we covered in our review of the best AP US History textbooks, The American Pageant is far and away the most popular APUSH textbook. Not only does it include all the material you must know for the AP US History exam, but it also has lots of helpful tools, including timelines at the end of chapters to help you get down dates and primary sources to help you prepare for the Document-Based Question (DBQ). What's more, The American Pageant reads more like a novel than it does a textbook, so many students find it more engaging than your usual US history class readings. (That said, if you want a more straightforward textbook, check out our textbook review post and also keep reading for our thoughts on APUSH prep books.) To take a brief example, this is what The American Pageant section introducing Christopher Columbus reads like: "Onto this stage stepped Christopher Columbus. This skilled Italian seafarer persuaded the Spanish monarchs to outfit him with three tiny but seaworthy ships, manned by a motley crew. Daringly, he unfurled the sails of his cockleshell craft and headed westward. His superstitious sailors, fearful of venturing in the oceanic unknown, grew increasingly mutinous. After six weeks at sea, failure loomed when, on October 12, 1492, the crew sighted an island in the Bahamas. A new world thus swam within the vision of Europeans." This definitely sounds like a novel! In comparison, here's a more straightforward textbook introduction of Columbus (from the APUSH textbook Making America): "Eager to capitalize on the new technology and knowledge, Christopher Columbus, an ambitious sailor from the Italian port city of Genoa, approached John II of Portugal in 1484 and asked him to support a voyage westward from Portugal, to the East Indies. The king refused when his geographers warned that Columbus had underestimated the distance. Undeterred, Columbus peddled his idea to various European governments over the next several years but found no one willing to take the risk. Finally, in 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella's defeat of the Moors provided Columbus with an opportunity." Pageant is also a favorite of many teachers of the AP US History class (the textbook is mentioned on tons of blogs and reviews from AP US History teachers). So if you’re without a textbook for AP US History, you’re a teacher shopping around for materials with which to teach your class, or you just want some extra study material, this is the best APUSH textbook to get. You can rent the latest edition of Pageant for around $30 on Amazon. But here's another tip: you can usually buy used older editions for a lot less. Since this book doesn’t change dramatically between editions, buying a used older edition of it is a great way to get a super cheap and useful textbook for your AP US History studies. Best AP US History Review Book: Cracking the AP US History Exam, 2019 Premium Edition Amazon Price: $15-$20 for paperback If you’re looking for a book to help you thoroughly review for the APUSH test, Cracking the AP US History Exam is your best bet. (Note that a prep book does NOT replace a textbook you would use during the school year- it’s a big-picture overview, not a teacher!) This book has clean, concise, readable summaries of key AP US history points and events to help jog your memory and review what you need to know for the exam. The summaries are quick and to-the-point, so you don't have to slog through tons of pages. This book also contains end-of-chapter review questions to help you retain information as you move through it. Not only does Cracking the AP US History Exam cover all the historical information for the APUSH exam, but it also spends ample time explaining the exam essays, including the tricky document-based question. So basically, the book preps you for the AP US History exam's material and helps you get ready for the exam itself. The 2019 premium edition of the book also includes five full practice tests, which tend to be more challenging than the actual AP test. But this is good since it means you'll get the best AP practice possible. (Some prep books have the opposite problem in that their practice tests are too easy, causing you take the real test somewhat unprepared.) Cracking the AP US History Exam also offers many helpful strategies for tackling multiple-choice questions and clearly explains how many raw points you should aim for to pass the test (get at least a 3) or ace it (get a 5), depending on your goal. This info is extremely useful in helping you develop a strategy for the AP US History exam. Finally, the book provides you with access to the online AP Student Tools portal for more practice, study plans, and up-to-the-minute information about the test. Perhaps the only major downside (if you consider it one) is that The Princeton Review's angle is to paint the AP US History test as a bogeyman, with the tone coming off a bit snarky. (I personally like Princeton Review books for this reason, but I know others might prefer materials that are less biased against the test.) Other AP US History Book Mini-Reviews If you’re not a big fan of The Princeton Review’s angle or if you just want another prep book, here's a brief overview of some other quality APUSH books on the market and their pros and cons. Based on your study needs, you can pick out the best prep book (or books!) for you. Kaplan's AP US History Prep Plus, 2018-2019 Edition Amazon Price: About $15 for paperback, $16 for Kindle Kaplan's latest AP US History book gives you tons of practice, thanks to the three full practice tests it includes. The practice tests reflect the recent AP US History redesign, unlike some past popular favorites which had been criticized for not accurately updating their practice tests (for example, the books 5 Steps to a 5 and Crash Course). However, some students worry that many of Kaplan's APUSH practice tests are too easy, with direct questions about the date of events, or DBQs focused mainly on cartoons/images rather than written sources. In addition, the book lacks answer explanations to the multiple-choice questions in the practice tests, making it difficult to determine where you went wrong. Verdict: This is a great book for extra exam practice, but it's not the best source for a clean and accurate US history summary. While this shouldn't be your main AP US History review book, you can definitely use it as a supplementary resource in your prep. AP US History Crash Course, 4th Edition Amazon Price: About $13 for paperback, $10 for Kindle AP US History Crash Course is the fastest read in terms of APUSH books, so it's probably the best choice if you’re in a pinch! Crash Course is known for being very clear and concise. The drawback here is that there's only one practice test, meaning both The Princeton Review and Kaplan give you better bang for your buck in terms of test practice. Verdict: This is a great book for a quick review of AP US History topics and strategies, but it's not a great book if you want lots of practice. If you have a teacher who gives tons of practice exams and all you need is a brief review of the material on the APUSH test, this is a good book for you. AMSCO's United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination, 2018 Edition Amazon Price: About $25 for paperback AMSCO's AP US History book has decent reviews and well-written chapter tests that are similar to the actual AP test; however, it only comes with one full practice test at the end of the book, so it might not be the best deal out there. The biggest drawback is that for some reason the student edition of this AP US History book doesn’t automatically come with an answer key. It's also apparently hard to order an answer key for the practice questions. Only teachers can order the answer keys, so if you want them you will have to find a way to ship them to your school. Verdict: Since practice tests are only useful tools when you can review the answers, unless you want to go out of your way to order this book and the answer key, we suggest one of the other prep books on this list to save yourself the trouble. Barron's AP United States History, 4th Edition Amazon Price: About $15 for paperback, $20-25 for Kindle Think of Barron's as the jack-of-all-trades, master-of-none: it has a decent summary of the AP US History test and five full-length practice tests (two in the book, three online); that said, it's not as snappy and readable as The Princeton Review and it's not as concise as Crash Course. This might be your best bet if you want a second prep book or if you're looking for access to lots of AP practice tests, but it probably shouldn’t be your first choice. Verdict: You should buy a prep book with a clear goal in mind: either for all-around review and practice (Princeton Review), fast and efficient AP review (Crash Course), or tons of practice tests (Barron's). Best Free Study Tool: Online AP US History Quizzes Just looking for multiple-choice practice and lots of it? Our AP US History exam guide offers a compilation of the best AP US History quizzes, gathered from textbooks' websites and other free resources. Altogether, we've found hundreds of quizzes you can take to learn more about each major era of US History. This is a great way to review parts of US History you don’t remember that well or to get an overall review for the AP US History Test. The drawback here is that these questions are not AP multiple-choice; they are multiple-choice questions from various textbooks and websites, so the style is somewhat different. In addition, many of these quizzes are focused on just one era of US history, so you don’t get the wide range of questions you'll see on the actual AP exam. Still, these quizzes will help you master specific eras of US history for the actual AP test. I highly recommend checking them out! Best Study Tool to Buy: Barron’s AP United States History Flash Cards, 3rd Edition Amazon Price: About $15 Barron's AP US History flash card set is a great way to review key facts, dates, and figures for the AP exam. Flash cards are an excellent learning tool, and these will save you the hours it would take you to make your own. This set gives you 500 cards that quiz you on everything, from the exploration period to present day. These cards are divided into seven general categories: Arts and Sciences, Domestic Policies, Presidential Matters, Wars and Foreign Relations, Economy and Business, Legal Issues, and Society and Culture. All cards are numbered and labeled, so you can quiz yourself by time period or category, which will help you focus your studying. They even come with a metal ring so you can choose which cards to take with you and study. These are a great choice if you want to be able to study on the go! The only downside is that there's quite a bit of information on each card, so some people might find that they're more like informational cards than they are true flash cards. Best Study Website: AP Study Notes AP Study Noteshas detailed notes on every era of US history, taken from The American Pageant- and it’s completely free! This is a great resource if you want to brush up on a particular era of US history before the AP test in May. Our blog can also help you prepare for any in-class AP US History tests. You can get a detailed breakdown of each era in our AP US History study notes article. Bottom Line: How to Study for the AP US History Test There are lots of potential resources you can use to study for the AP US History exam, including textbooks, prep books, flash cards, websites, and more. Don’t feel as though you have to use them all to get a high score, though. On the contrary, you should find a resource or two you find particularly helpful and use it consistently. As long as you pace yourself and give yourself plenty of time to study and practice, you'll be more than prepared when you sit for the AP US History exam in May! What’s Next? Get more information about the AP program- what the hardest and easiest classes are, when the exams are this year, and whether taking AP classes is worth it. Taking AP US History this year? We also suggest you take the SAT Subject Test in US History if you’re applying to colleges that require/highly recommend SAT Subject Tests. You can read more about SAT Subject Tests, and why you should take them, right here. Learn about checks and balances in the US government, the executive branch's checks on the judicial branch, the Platt Amendment, and lighthouse keeper Ida Lewis with our expert breakdowns. Also studying for the SAT/ACT? Learn the best time in your high school career to take the SAT/ACT for the first time, and get tips on how long you should study for the SAT/ACT. Want to relax with some off-the-beaten-APUSH-path history explorations? We'll teach you about the invention of the 3-hole punch, the history of hip hop, and the twists and turns of the Loomis Fargo heist. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Animal rights. What rights should animals have Essay

Animal rights. What rights should animals have - Essay Example In this concept, it is illegal to use animals in any way that makes them feel pain, suffer or even die. It tries to explain to human beings that it is not a right practice to violate these rights. The concept was started in 1975 by Peter Singer in a book entitled animal liberation. It came to being after the birth of American Society for the prevention of cruelty of animals. Animal rights have been enforced in several parts of the world today. For instance, in Germany, it was voted and included in the constitution that was in the parliament’s house. The vote was aimed at adding a simple clause in the constitution to change the way in which people treated animals in that country. It is the first country in Europe to accept constitutionally the fact that animals had some rights like fair treatment and good feeding. The same has been followed in several other continents in the world and have led to a fairer treatment of all animals with a court penalty owing to the violation ther eof as discussed by CNN (2012). According to Lafollette (n.d), there are boundaries about animals that human beings should strive not to cross as opposed to treating animals in the way one pleases. It is not legitimate to mistreat animals even though they have no voice to rise. In this culture that we are living in today, animals are used as a main source of food, clothes, and research on drugs and to test the vulnerability of some appliances at home. All these can only be realized when the animal is dead or involves inflicting pain to the animal. Animals have a right against overcrowding. This implies that an animal has a right to enough space during its lifespan. This has not been followed especially by farmers who keep them for profit. Animals also have rights to enough movement. Due to the limitations of space, animals are confided in one place leading to less feeding and poor movement. For instance, chicken are overcrowded in little battery cages. The more crowded the animals a re, the more likely they are to attack each other and cause injury to one another. In an opinion, Lafollette (n. d) adds that people should use more of vegetables to reduce the killing of animals for food. Many people hold an opinion that animals do not feel pain and has led to the killing of many animals for not only food but also for scientific research and testing. When a dog is hit by a stray vehicle, the way it convulses, bleeds, and yelps is a sure proof that animals feel pain. The same way, a cat reacts even at the small attempt to step on its tail is another proof of sensitivity of their nervous system. It becomes controversial at times because there is need for nutrients in humans that can only be found in animals and the experiments that are done on animals is vital for human survival. As noted by Lin (2012), there are some myths that people hold about animal rights activists. One of these myths is that activist are more fond of animals than human beings. This is not the c ase anyway. Caring about animals does not render them more important than human beings. This is the reason as to why most animal activists are involved in humanitarian rights like hunger, poverty, sweatshops, feminism and other civil rights. Another myth is about leather materials compared to fur clothes and shoes. This is because fur can be obtained without necessarily killing the animal, but to get leather the animal has to be killed to get the skin of that animal. According to Buzzle (2012), animal rights activists are faced with the headache of controlling the rate at which animals are killed or injured. They have worked to make known their reputation just like politicians and celebrities. They

Constructivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Constructivism - Essay Example They all talk of identities and interests in world politics. They believe that for some levels of predictability and orders to be in place in the international politics and domestic society, and then identities must be present. The state must have some intersubjective identities that are sufficiently stable so as to bring some patterns of behavior that are more predictable. They believe that the absence of identity in the world can trigger chaos, pervasive and irremediable uncertainty and the world can be more dangerous compared to anarchy. The importance of the identity is that it implies the state’s preference and consequent actions. They believe that the state’s understanding of others can improve according to the identities it attributes to them. Also when the state produces its own identity through the daily social practice. Ted Hopf contrary to the other authors who believe that the change in the world politics is so easy. He appreciates the power of structures an d believes that actors through ordinary practice are able to produce their own constraints. This in turn strengthens the world politics. He also admit that there can be some rooms for dynamism, though minimal. Therefore by viewing the relationship between the social grounds and agency, he admits that social change is both possible and difficult. These differences are existing due to the differences in their view of the social relationship between the agency and social change. The two factors play a major fundamental role.

The Souls of Black Folk Essay Example for Free

The Souls of Black Folk Essay W. E. B. Du Bois’ book entitled ‘The Souls of Black Folk’ talks about the color-line of citizens being the most common problem in the society. In a prophetical statement, he describes the society of the 20th century by putting emphasis on how it is to be free, what are the corresponding effects, as well as the social responsibilities that the leaders carry in their society. He states that problems of the society in the 20th century refer to problems of the color line (Du Bois 1). In an effort to interpret the spiritual world of the ten thousand people that live in the dawn of the 20th century, Du Bois refers to ‘emancipation’ as the root cause of people rising in personal leadership, creating two worlds that are within and without the Veil, with the effect of making way to train men for life. This paper revolves around the advance of the society in terms of color and black peasantry. Plunging deeper within the Veil, Du Bois reflected the true nature of the black society—its religion, struggle, passion and sorrow. As Du Bois stated, â€Å"The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife,this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self† (4). To end this strife, the black folk have to merge with the society and be a co-worker in a culture where no color lingers in the soul. Main Body According to the prophecy of Du Bois, the first decade of the 20th century would be filled with the black society searching the true sense of freedom in the true world—the emergence of war, terror, lies, disorganization, and contradiction†¦ for the sake of freedom that has not been sought. Du Bois stated, â€Å"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line,the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea† (9). Slaves, refugees, and fugitives of war sent organizations into sending clothes, money, books, and teachers, usually to the black societies that were nearly destitute brought by famine and war. Despite temporal relief, the crisis included a labor problem that multiplied and affected vast dimensions in the societies, which led to the cultivation through systems of control. This brought great relief, as the war finally led to their liberty—an order and a system apt for the development of bureau set for â€Å"improvement, protection, and employment of refugee freedmen† (12). From a state of forced labor, black folks were emancipated to a new state of industry that brought the picture of black workers to a new dimension of industrial privilege. It was totally not the worst type of slavery in the world, but it was capable of totally deserting the rights of the black men†¦ putting them under the same classification of the ox and the animals. Despite the fact that they fought with their soul for the liberty that was barred by the system of slavery—in great masses that almost terrified the political system—the black folks fought for freedom with a cry†¦ dividing the two classes and driving them away from chains. The general system and local organization of these folks, however, had led to two basic problems that are the following: first, the abandoned lands of the South, which rapidly melted away from the hands of the Freedmen’s Bureau; and second, the complexity of perfecting the local organization with significantly wide fields of work (Du Bois 15). By 1866, the basic step was to finalize a step that extended the Bureau, authorized additional commissioners, maintained army officers, and sold forfeited lands on merely nominal terms (17). Having to dominate and manage the government of the so-called ‘unreconstructed’ South, the Freedmen’s Bureau became what Du Bois stated as â€Å"a full-fledged government of men† (17). However, as Du Bois stated, In the work of establishing the Negroes as peasant propri-etors, the Bureau was from the first handicapped and at last absolutely checked. Something was done, and larger things were planned; abandoned lands were leased so long as they remained in the hands of the Bureau, and a total revenue of nearly half a million dollars derived from black tenants. (19) Salvation came when the Freedmen’s Bank made a huge step in the development of the social individuality and stance of the Black Men. Despite the crash—when hard-earned dollars suddenly drifted away from the freedmen—the stabilization brought by the Freedmen’s Bank brought huge relief to the black folks of the society: The deeds of these rulers fall mainly under seven heads: the relief of physical suffering, the overseeing of the beginnings of free labor, the buying and selling of lad, the establishment of schools, the paying of bounties, the administration of justice, and the financiering of all these activities. (19) Conclusion From a life of total isolation from the more fortunate ‘colors’ of the society, the black folks learned the ABCs of being free, by combining the leaders’ faith and goodwill to the folks’ passion and love for freedom. By means of emancipation, the black folks awakened to a consciousness that brought joy and relief, which made slavery appear to be a myth. The 20th century was, indeed, a time of emancipation and great hunger for human rights, liberty, and democracy. Being the root cause of personal leadership, emancipation has, indeed, led to a society where the black folks rose to distinction and power, as it created one world that is without the Veil†¦ from a world within the Veil that prevented the cause of being in a world where the soul freely rises to a level where the soul reflects no color at all. Works Cited Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Fold. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2004.

Russia :: essays research papers

As I picked up Vodka, Tears, and Lenin’s Angel, by Jennifer Gould, I thought that I was about to read a novel that would be boring with nothing but facts and statistics. As I began to read it, the novel became much more interesting. Jennifer Gould, a journalist, decided to go to Russia. She was there to research Russia and its culture. I would have never believed some of the situations and conversations she had with so many people. The topics that made me change my mind about Russia in general were the Internat, the cars and drivers, the homeless, and sexpionage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While reading about the Internat, I started to get disgusted. One of the reasons for this is that Russia sent healthy children to orphanages with ill kids. They were not like orphanages hear in the United States, with reasonable housing conditions, education and a chance to live with a family to provide them the better things in life. Instead, as a punishment they would be beaten, or sent to a psychiatric facility and drugged or tied to their beds for months. The law will not allow foreigners adopt healthy children. In place of the healthy kids, they would find a Western doctor that would diagnose the sick children as healthy. I believe that is not far to the children or the family who is adopting the child. Also, in the summer the orphanages close down and the majority of the kids go to camp. Once the camps are filled the extra kids get sent to psychiatric facilities. A man named Vitaly Llynin told Jennifer, â€Å"Some children are sent to the orphanages because they are too hot-te mpered and get into too many fights.† The children say that they do not understand why they go to these hospitals. An administrator believes that the children deny the fact that they are there because they are ashamed. None of the children receive counseling. Instead they are given antidepressants and tranquilizers. I personally can not believe that any person would think that this kind of action is okay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another subject that I found a little disturbing was how the people drive and who are the drivers. To me, Moscow sounds like its road are worse then Pennsylvania. There are no traffic laws. People can make illegal anywhere they want. Streets turn from one way to two way frequently. They have many potholes.

Kathmandu Enter Into Chinese Market Essay

With the rapid development of economy and society, Chinese market has attracted a great number of attentions from foreign companies. Therefore, how to enter into Chinese market and how to be a successful company in China has become a realistic issue faced by business managers, entrepreneurs and consultants. This essay will focus on introducing one Australian local brand â€Å"Kathmandu† which is an outdoor sport equipment company into Chinese market. Thus, a detailed analysis of the current situation of the Chinese market and this foreign company is indispensable. Firstly, this paper will analyze the current situation of the Chinese outdoor sport market and the Chinese economy, and then identify the strengths and weakness of the Kathmandu Company when entering into Chinese market. Subsequently, selection of entry modes and partner and recommendations will be provided to deal with or to reduce the risks when enter into the Chinese outdoor sport market. 2. BACKGROUND ABOUT KATHMANDU COMPANY Kathmandu Holdings Limited was established by John Pawson and Jan Cameron in 1987. The company started off as a small outdoor apparel shop in New Zealand and in 25 years has grown to a multi-national brand primarily producing outdoor sport clothing and equipment which combine with the advanced technology, high quality and high comfort level. Such as, tents and shelters, packs and luggage, sleeping gear, outdoor clothing, footwear and other accessories of outdoor. In 2006, one Australasian private equity company fully acquired Kathmandu for NZ$275 million. Currently Kathmandu does the business in Australia, New Zealand and England. The company slogan aims to capture young and adventurous individuals and the marketing strategy has been built around this notion (Kathmandu, 2012). 3. OPPORTUNITIES OF CHINESE OUTDOOR MARKET 3. 1 Outdoor sport in China Along with the development of economy and living stander, outdoor sport becomes increasingly popular in China. In China, outdoor sport was started at Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai in 1999(Chinese News, 2011). Currently, combing with pressure reducing, such sport increase quite fast and become one kind of society fashion. There are four outdoor sport activities which include High Mountain, exploration, rock climbing and bicycling in China (Chinese outdoor Sport Association, 2012). The outdoor sport is an professional sport activity not only require a good physical quality but also good clothing and equipment to resist the bad environment. Therefore, fast increase of the outdoor sport contributes to sharp augment on demand of outdoor sport clothing and equipment. As reporting by China Outdoor Sport Association, the number of annual sales from existing manufactories of outdoor equipment was 800 million RMB in 2010, while the number of that in 2000 was 60 million RMB, and the number of Chinese participation in the outdoor sport has reached one hundred million (China Outdoor Sport Association, 2012). Hence, along with the unbelievable development of the outdoor sport and the higher demand of outdoor products, obviously, the potential of the Chinese outdoor sport market is quite considerable. 3. 2 Situation of Chinese outdoor market Basic the market research, currently, there are approximately 200 Chinese local outdoor sport brands and around 1100 outdoor clothing and equipment stores. Although the outdoor industry of China is at beginning phases, every year increase 50%. The CEO of the GORE Company which is one of the beat 100 American outdoor equipment companies pointed out that such fast increase would maintain at the least 5 years in China (Simone, 2002). It can be calculated that the Chinese outdoor sport market should be worth around two billion. However, even though the outdoor sport is obtaining swift development, the outdoor market is relatively backward. The local manufactures only produce or provide elementary products or services, lack of the leading company and well-known brand is a serious issue in the local market. Therefore, it is a favorable opportunity for Kathmandu to expend to the Chinese outdoor market, because of the sharp escalation of market demand and insufficient supply of the local outdoor market. 3. 3 Competitors in Chinese outdoor market China already had around 200 local brands in outdoor sport market. However, in such new industry market foreign companies occupied the main position. According to the research, there are four main competitors for Kathmandu in the Chinese outdoor market, which include The North Face that is an American company, it has a long history and produce fine workmanship products, one company of France named ALGLE which entered into China in 1997, and its products are practical and noble. OZARK which is a Switzerland Company and the design of their products is following the characteristic of the Chinese. The last one competitor is Salewa from German (Chinese News, 2011). Compare with these foreign companies, the technology and quality of the local brands are at lower level, particularly, at the aspect of technology. Company is difficult to survive without advanced technology supporting, especially, in the outdoor sport market. Therefore, the outdoor market that has a small number of strong competitors will supply an opportunity for Kathmandu to obtain the biggest market share by adopting the advanced technology. 3. 4 Chinese economic situation For the financial reason, the Chinese market is quite appropriate for the Kathmandu to enter. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) recourses, in 2010 the number of average disposable personal income of cities and towns was 21033 RMB, which was higher 11. 3% than that in 2009. Meanwhile, the recourses also mentioned that the number of average disposable personal income in cities and towns was 7414 RMB in the first quarter 2011, which was higher 14. 1% than that in 2010 (National Bureau of Statistics, 2011). The increase of the disposable personal income of the Chinese offered an ideally material guarantee for consumption of the outdoor sport, which also means that Chinese has obtained higher purchasing power than before. The Nominal GDP per capita continues experiencing increase since 2001 to 2010 from 8. 3% to 10. 3% (National Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Following the acceleration of the urbanization progress, increasingly Chinese has selected outdoor sport, particularly, the young people. As the China Outdoor Sport Association report 2010, 90% of the participators already have attained high education degrees and the wages in the 65% of them over 5000RMB per month, 20 to 40 years old people occupied 84. 1% (Chinese News, 2011). China possesses the most enormous consumer groups which attract the vision of the world. Such consumer groups will contribute more benefits than England and New Zealand for Kathmandu. According to the National Development and Reform Commission, there is a police of 5 years plant from 2011 to 2015, which will focus on inequality of wealth distribution and shifting emphasis from investment to consumption (National Development and Reform Commission, 2011). Therefore more money will be spent in rural and inland development. So that Kathmandu can expect a growing number of potential customers in the coming 5 years. Therefore, the current situation of the Chinese market is ideally for Kathmandu to attract more customers and to sales more outdoor products. 4. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF KATHMANDU IN CHINA Kathmandu has sufficient experience on oversea expending. According to the Kathmandu office report, currently, the company of Kathmandu has totally 107 retail stores, 65 located in Australia, 39 in New Zealand and 6 in United Kingdom respectively. In 2003 and 2004, the company entered into the market of United Kingdom, and speedy became one of the top two outdoor brands in the UK. The office report also mentioned that the Kathmandu Company made 237 million AU$ sales and obtained 7 million profit in 2011(Kathmandu, 2012). Therefore, the Kathmandu has sufficient expending experience, which enables to reduce risks that are bought by the insufficient of experience when enter into China. Furthermore, owning of advanced technologies is able to guarantees the leading position in Chinese outdoor market. Specifically, the technologies of anti-wind, anti-fire, waterproof and high heat preservation are adopted by all of their products with high comfortable level. Such advanced technologies are what the Chinese local outdoor equipment market and customers need. However, there are some weaknesses of Kathmandu can not be ignored in Chinese market. Firstly, lack of Guan XI (special relationship) will be the main issue for the company. In Chinese market, it is difficult to obtain long-term profit that making the business without a favorable Guan Xi, particularly, the closing relationship with the Chinese government. The Kathmandu may face some restriction from the Chinese Government. Such as, polices changing, law modifying and the controlling on some local resources, which will bring a great number of obstacles on operation of the Kathmandu company in China. Secondly, low brand awareness will lead to high cost in Chinese market. Obviously, although there is an increase in the demand of western products for the Chinese customers, the products selection of customers is quite cautious, especially on unacquainted brands. The Kathmandu may needs more patience to the Chinese clients to know more about the products of the Kathmandu, in other words, more time is required by the Chinese market. In addition, in such situation, more capitals will be spent by the company on advertising in order to build the name recognition. Thus, these weaknesses may bring some risks for the Kathmandu company operation in China. 5. HOW TO ENTER INTO CHINESE OUTDOOR MARKET 5. 1 Selection of the entry modes The selection of entry modes is crucial for every company when enter into a new market. There are two major entry modes, which include non-equity modes and equity modes (Chen Hui, 2002). As a multinational company and has good expending experience in the UK and New Zealand, it is undeniable that equity modes is appropriate to the Kathmandu when enter into Chinese market. The entry modes contain joint-venture, acquisitions and green-fields (Peter, 2008). Merger and acquisition can assists the Kathmandu directly entering into Chinese market by purchasing the company that already has established in China. However, a large number of capitals are required by the Kathmandu company to merger the Chinese local company, which means more cost will occur when choose this entry method. In addition, social-cultural environment issue should be considered by the western companies, acquisition entry method may be related to a sort of aggression by Chinese duo to the Chinese history, so that some threatens will be faced by the Kathmandu Company, for instant, anti-products and service of the company. The green-fields entry method also requires large number of capitals to support, and this approach is quite complicate to operate. While more freedom in designing the plant, selecting suppliers, and hiring a work force will be contributed by green-field (Ilkaka, 2007). Compare with acquisition and green-field, joint-venture entry method is more appropriate to the Kathmandu Company to enter into the Chinese outdoor market. The reasons as follow, firstly, Beamish pointed out that joint-venture is cheaper to exit compare with green-fields and also has the advantage that benefits the company to directly enter the market of other countries (Beamish, 2001). Secondly, the Kathmandu Company is not familiar with Chinese institutions and regulations, finding a Joint-Venture partner can help understand rules of running business, and the Guan Xi of the Chinese partner can be used by the Kathmandu in China. Moreover, such method will provide strong bargaining power with Joint-Venture partner for the company, as Kathmandu can provide high technical resources and product line which is the crucial issue facing by the Chinese outdoor companies. However, there are some disadvantages that lead to the risks to the Kathmandu Company from the joint-venture entry method. Firstly, the joint-venture may modify the partner to competitor (Swierczak, 1994). Specifically, it is dangerous that giving the advanced technologies to the partner to control. Perhaps the primary goal of the local partner is to control the leading technologies of the Kathmandu; such technologies will be used by other local companies on their products in order to obtain the bigger market share and to make more profit, which should be the most primary risk for the Kathmandu Company. Secondly, shared ownership can lead to conflict over goals and control. The ownership and administrative power will become the main conflict between the partner and the foreign company (Swierczak, 1994). In order to control and make the biggest profit to their own company, both local and foreign company adopts various approaches to attain the beneficial position in the joint-venture company. Such as, increasing the investment and controlling the resources. Balancing the advantages and disadvantages for the Kathmandu Company to select the entry modes in Chinese market, joint-venture is the ideally entry modes for the company. However, which Chinese partner should be selected by the Kathmandu is another issue. 5. 2 Selection of the Chinese partner There are a great number of local outdoor or sport brands in China. However, it is difficult to find a well-known outdoor sport brand because of the new outdoor market. Thus selecting a famous sport equipment company as the joint-venture partner is the best selection for Kathmandu Company. The Chinese sport companies include 361, ERKE, ANTA, PEAK, DOUBLE STAR, Xtep and LI NING (Chinese sport research, 2011). According to LI NING annual report 2010, the capitalization of the company has reached 8. 387 billion and has had 8156 sales shops in 1800 cities in China, and The number of LI NING brand retail stores is 7478 Moreover, LI NING has the highest reputation as the company is sponsoring several of Chinese sport national teams. The company already cooperated with AIGLE, LOTTO and Kason using joint-venture entry modes, which means that LI NING has had sufficient experience on such entry modes, and the high experience will assists the Kathmandu to reduce the risks on joint-venture (LI NING, 2011). Therefore, LI NING should be the most appropriate joint-venture partner for the Kathmandu Company, the large number of LI NING sales network and capitalization will contribute the convenience to the Kathmandu to enter into Chinese outdoor market. 6. CONCLUSION China has become the biggest market for the foreign company duo to the rapid development of economy and society. Such development specifically expressed in the GDP and the average disposable personal income continually increase, which also represent high purchasing power in China. In the same period, the fast development of Chinese outdoor sport market contributes to the high demand not only for the outdoor clothing and equipment but also for the advanced technologies of the outdoor equipment in the Chinese outdoor market, and the lower strong competitors also provide a God-given opportunity for the Kathmandu outdoor equipment company to enter such ideally market. Hence, how to enter Chinese market will be the first issue faced by every foreign company manager. The joint-venture entry modes should be the possible modes selected by the foreign company, particularly, the Kathmandu Company duo to the lower cost, easily access the market. The Kathmandu enables to use the local resources and Guan Xi network of the LI NING Company, which are the weaknesses of the Kathmandu, via joint-venture in order to become a successful company operating in China after into the outdoor market. Both companies will obtain the benefits that they want from joint-venture entry modes. 7. REFERENCES Beamish, P. W. ,&Banks, J. C. 2001. Equity joint ventures and the theory of the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 18(2):1-16. Chinese Customs, 2011, â€Å"Export Procedure†, viewed: 20 May 2012, from http://www. customs. gov. cn/publish/portal0/. Chen, H. 2002, An analysis of determinants of entry mode and its impact on performance, Int. Bus. Rev. , 11 (2002), pp. 193–210. Chinese News, 2011, The demand of copper is recovering to the level before financial crisis, viewed: 20 May, 2012, from. http://www.chinanews. com/cj/2011/06-13/3108018. shtml Chinese Outdoor Sport Association 2012, â€Å"report of Chinese outdoor sport situation†, viewed: 20 May 2012, from http://www. iouter. com/. Ilkka A. Ronkainen, 2007, International marketing, Cengage Learning, 2007, p417-422. Joseph Simone, â€Å"Criminal Enforcement Against Counterfeiters†, China Business Review, 29/6 (2002): 22-23; Timothy Trainer, â€Å"The Fight Against Trademark Counterfeiting,† China Business Review, 29/6 (2002): 20-24. Kathmandu Annual Report, 2012, Introduction of Kathmandu, viewed 17 May, 2012, from homepage: http://www. kathmandu. com. au/. Kobrin, op. cit. ; Minor, op. cit. ; Charles Hill, International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, 4th Edition (Bostom, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2003), p. 47. Lining Annual Report, 2011, Introduction of Lining, viewed 17 May, 2012, from http://www. lining. com/eng/global/home. php. National Bureau of Statistics, 2011, â€Å"situation of Chinese economic†, viewed 17 May, 2012, from http://www.stats. gov. cn/. National Development &Reform Commission, 2011, â€Å"situation of Chinese market development†, viewed 17 May, 2012, from http://www. sdpc. gov. cn/. Peter Liesch, and Duncan Poulson, 2008, â€Å"An Unconventional Approach to Intellectual Property: The Case of an Australian Firm Transferring Shipbuilding Technologies to China,† Journal of World Business, 35/1 (2000): 1-20. Swierczak, F. W. 1994, Culture and conflict in Joint Venture in Asia, International Journal of Project Management, 12 (1) (1994), pp. 39–47.

Demonstrative Speech Fitness Program

TOPIC: â€Å"Mission H. A. R. D. Body† My Exercise Program GENERAL PURPOSE: Persuade SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade my audience to perform my quick workout program for the amazingly fast and effective results CENTRAL IDEA: My workout program consist of a 15 minute morning and night exercise schedule, focuses on all the major muscle group areas, and includes a simple diet plan that leads to a lean, muscular, and sexy body, fast! INTRODUCTION I. Fellas envision your self with a toned six-pack and muscular physic grabbing all the ladies attention while at the beach. II.Ladies envision yourself looking like this, and think of all the jealous and envious girls who will hate on you because every guy breaks their neck when they see you. III. Hi, my name is Pierre Earlington, and Today I will be talking about a simple diet and exercise program, that will get you in shape, healthy, and sexy as ever in no time. IV. I am an athlete and model that is currently studying to become a personal trainer and have learned the incredibly quick and easy secrets to a sexy and healthy body. V. I will first talk about†¦ a. The scheduling time to perform the workout, . Next I will describe the workout activities to be done, c. And finally I will explain a simple way of dieting to keep your body fatless and looking good. BODY I. Many of us live extremely busy lives racing constantly against time and an increasing To-Do list that seems to never end, leading us to believe that we have no time to fit exercise in our schedule. a. What makes my exercise program so amazing is that it is broken down into two segments, Morning and night. Taking only 15 minutes in each segment, it can fit into anyone's schedule. i.You start by simply setting your alarm clock 15 minutes earlier than you normally awake in the morning ii. And going to bed 15 minutes later than you normally do at night 1. As soon as you awake in the morning. Before you even head to the bathroom to brush your teeth, roll ov er on to that floor, and perform my workout. 2. When you end your day, right before you go to sleep. Hit the floor again and take 15 minutes to do the workout. Think of it as a nightcap. iii. Routinely done your body and mind will get use to this morning and night exercise program, and it will become a habit that you wont even think twice about it. Transition: Now here comes the fun part) II. In my exercise, we are targeting three sections of the body. b. The upper body, which consists of the arms chest, and upper back. c. The mid section, which consists of the abdominals and lower back. d. And finally the lower half of the body, your legs. iv. Now for the upper body we will perform Push-ups. Three sets of three different types that shred the fat from your upper body and leave you ripped. 3. First Set, Regular push ups 4. Second Set, Diamond push ups 5. And the Third set, Wide push ups v.Now the for the mid section and getting that tummy tight 6. First set Crunches. This targets the upper AB section 7. Second set, Leg lifts. This targets the lower AB section 8. Third set, Side crunches on both sides. Love handles, â€Å"Poof be gone. † vi. Finally the lower half, Legs. 9. First set: Lunges 10. Second set, Squats – Fellas this gets the Hamstrings right and ladies this gets that butt tight 11. The final set, Toe raises – This works out those beautiful Calves vii. Guys perform 20-25 reps of each exercise, and increase as desired. viii.Ladies perform 15-20 reps of each exercise, also increase as desired (Transition: Now that you’ve worked so hard for that beautiful body, you want to keep it don’t you? So lets talk dieting) III. There are many questionable diets and theories out there. This Here is the most simplest and effective way to diet. e. Cut out Carbs and excess sugar. ix. Carbs are things like bread, pancakes, doughnuts and etc†¦ 12. Carbohydrates turn into sugar when consumed in your body. 13. Sugar is then converte d into fat. (Transition: I know this may seem like an impossible task since we all love to please our taste buds, but its not that bad. f. Especially because my workout comes with a cheat day. x. One day out of the whole week you are free to eat all the sugar and carbohydrates that you want. You pick the day! (Transition: Your body will still be on the path to becoming marvelous. ) CONCLUSION I. In conclusion, I showed how my workout can fit into anyone’s schedule, II. Described the specific exercises to perform, III. And explained a simple diet to keep you in shape. IV. So ladies and gentleman follow these easy steps, break everyone’s neck, and lets get sexy for the summer.

music in the world essays

music in the world essays Ways in Which to Balance the Federal Budget In order to start balancing the U.S. federal budget we have to limit the amount of foreign aid we are giving out. Currently we have aid going out to countries helping birth control, world hunger and military protection. We need to cut these links off and focus on our own problems in this country. We have to help ourselves before we can truly help less fortunate people. First thing, we need to get all the cameras, and media out of those countries. The average American doesnt need to turn on the television and see all the dying people of Africa and India. I think, if we dont see it, then we will think that it isnt happening. Second, we have to strengthen the degree at which we protect our borders. Are border policy is a joke. There are hundreds of foreigners bedding down in our country every night, and this has to be stopped. These social parasites are eventually getting social security and STEALING our tax dollars. These people are not to embrace but to explode our country. We as Americans have to watch for this border invasion, we cant let this continue, or it will be the end of civilization in the United States. Every social parasite that makes it in America, thats one less job thats available to the white community. One less dollar thats going toward your social security and one less seat on the bus. We have to stand up, and cry out in one voice, that we will not go quietly in the night, we will not be run down, today we will clam our Independence. ...

A Paper on the Market Pull and Technology Push Factors

I will be reporting on just one of 3M’s many innovative products the post-it notes. I will also highlight the market pull and technology push factors that were considered in developing the innovation. The key terms to be identified in this report are innovation, technology push, and market pull. Innovation refers both to the output and the process of arriving at a technically feasible solution to a problem triggered by a technological opportunity or customer need. Technology push describes a situation where an emerging technology or a new combination of existing technologies provide the driving force for an innovative product and problem solution in the market place. Market pull is the advancement of technology oriented primarily toward a specific market need. Post-it notes are pieces of stationery with a re-usable adhesive strip on the back, designed for temporarily attaching notes to documents and other surfaces. The release of post-it notes in 1980 in the United States was one that was not only innovative for its time but one which captured the needs of consumers in a whole new way. Post-it note became a big success for 3M and was adored by customers. The first and probably most important technology push that resulted in post-it notes is senior scientist Spencer Silver’s 1968 discovery of an adhesive that didn’t act like any others. Instead of forming a film, it is a clear, reusable and pressure-sensitive adhesive. For five years, Silver promoted his invention within 3M, both informally and through seminars, but without much success. In 1974 Art fry perceived the idea of coating the adhesive on paper. He soon realized that this technology would serve well as a note pad. 3M conducted a direct-mail program to the secretaries of CEOs of Fortune 100 companies, and got back letters from CEO’s of companies such as Chrysler and Phillip Morris telling them how much they loved this product (Post-it notes) and asking how they could get more. This was a major market pull factor as 3M now realized that this advancement in technology would satisfy a specific market need. Fry encountered serious technical problems very early. First, there was the problem of getting the adhesive to stay in place on the note instead of transferring to other surfaces. The company didn’t have coating equipment that could be precise on an imprecise backing such as paper. This resulted in further technology push as advances in the technical performance of 3M allowed for the post-it notes adhesive to be perfected as well as a manufacturing process was developed. Fry made sure that secretaries of 3M senior executives got them. Before long, their bosses were borrowing the little yellow pads. This Market pull factor illustrated the need for this innovation in the business place. In 1978 samples of numerous post-it was given out in the city of Boise. 3M discovered that more than 90 percent of the people who tried them would buy them. This market pull factor showed the general market need for this product. After success in Boise, 3M was convinced that the market potential for the yellow note was enormous and, in 1980, post-it notes were introduced nationally. The Managerial Implications * Technical and Market considerations * How to sustain new innovations * Time consumption * How to protect innovation from competitors. Recommendations Managers must take into account during problem solving within a firm, the technical and market factors in order to achieve successful management of technology. * Managers must invest time and money in research and development and other efforts to not only make improvements to commercialized technologies but to continuously endeavor to come out with new technologies/innovations. * Managers must respond to time consumption and sho rten the time it takes them to design, develop and put new innovations on the market. They must decide when to innovate, update, or replace previous technology . They must also develop methods to cope with shorter product life cycles. This can be done through continuous improvement. * Managers must protect new innovations from competitors through the use of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and designs. This will also result in higher profitability for the organization. Conclusion The development of post-it notes was driven both by technological push and market pull factors. These factors resulted in; the recognition of a potential problem, decision of which technologies to use, a feasible solution to the problem, and the final commercialization of the innovation. Managers must learn to cope with the implications that will face them. References http://www. innovation. lv/ino2/publications/leonardo_manual/en/www. innosupport. net/webhelp/wso/ind http://multimedia. 3m. com/mws/mediawebserver? 77777XxamfIVOWwo_Pw5_W7HYxTHfxajYv7HYv7H777777– ex. cfm@fuseactionlearnl_id4240pl_id3558. htm http://www. tu-harburg. de/tim/downloads/arbeitspapiere/Working_Paper_5. pdf http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Post-it_note http://www. 3m. com/us/about3M/innovation/archive. html A Paper on the Market Pull and Technology Push Factors I will be reporting on just one of 3M’s many innovative products the post-it notes. I will also highlight the market pull and technology push factors that were considered in developing the innovation. The key terms to be identified in this report are innovation, technology push, and market pull. Innovation refers both to the output and the process of arriving at a technically feasible solution to a problem triggered by a technological opportunity or customer need. Technology push describes a situation where an emerging technology or a new combination of existing technologies provide the driving force for an innovative product and problem solution in the market place. Market pull is the advancement of technology oriented primarily toward a specific market need. Post-it notes are pieces of stationery with a re-usable adhesive strip on the back, designed for temporarily attaching notes to documents and other surfaces. The release of post-it notes in 1980 in the United States was one that was not only innovative for its time but one which captured the needs of consumers in a whole new way. Post-it note became a big success for 3M and was adored by customers. The first and probably most important technology push that resulted in post-it notes is senior scientist Spencer Silver’s 1968 discovery of an adhesive that didn’t act like any others. Instead of forming a film, it is a clear, reusable and pressure-sensitive adhesive. For five years, Silver promoted his invention within 3M, both informally and through seminars, but without much success. In 1974 Art fry perceived the idea of coating the adhesive on paper. He soon realized that this technology would serve well as a note pad. 3M conducted a direct-mail program to the secretaries of CEOs of Fortune 100 companies, and got back letters from CEO’s of companies such as Chrysler and Phillip Morris telling them how much they loved this product (Post-it notes) and asking how they could get more. This was a major market pull factor as 3M now realized that this advancement in technology would satisfy a specific market need. Fry encountered serious technical problems very early. First, there was the problem of getting the adhesive to stay in place on the note instead of transferring to other surfaces. The company didn’t have coating equipment that could be precise on an imprecise backing such as paper. This resulted in further technology push as advances in the technical performance of 3M allowed for the post-it notes adhesive to be perfected as well as a manufacturing process was developed. Fry made sure that secretaries of 3M senior executives got them. Before long, their bosses were borrowing the little yellow pads. This Market pull factor illustrated the need for this innovation in the business place. In 1978 samples of numerous post-it was given out in the city of Boise. 3M discovered that more than 90 percent of the people who tried them would buy them. This market pull factor showed the general market need for this product. After success in Boise, 3M was convinced that the market potential for the yellow note was enormous and, in 1980, post-it notes were introduced nationally. The Managerial Implications * Technical and Market considerations * How to sustain new innovations * Time consumption * How to protect innovation from competitors. Recommendations Managers must take into account during problem solving within a firm, the technical and market factors in order to achieve successful management of technology. * Managers must invest time and money in research and development and other efforts to not only make improvements to commercialized technologies but to continuously endeavor to come out with new technologies/innovations. * Managers must respond to time consumption and sho rten the time it takes them to design, develop and put new innovations on the market. They must decide when to innovate, update, or replace previous technology . They must also develop methods to cope with shorter product life cycles. This can be done through continuous improvement. * Managers must protect new innovations from competitors through the use of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and designs. This will also result in higher profitability for the organization. Conclusion The development of post-it notes was driven both by technological push and market pull factors. These factors resulted in; the recognition of a potential problem, decision of which technologies to use, a feasible solution to the problem, and the final commercialization of the innovation. Managers must learn to cope with the implications that will face them. References http://www. innovation. lv/ino2/publications/leonardo_manual/en/www. innosupport. net/webhelp/wso/ind http://multimedia. 3m. com/mws/mediawebserver? 77777XxamfIVOWwo_Pw5_W7HYxTHfxajYv7HYv7H777777– ex. cfm@fuseactionlearnl_id4240pl_id3558. htm http://www. tu-harburg. de/tim/downloads/arbeitspapiere/Working_Paper_5. pdf http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Post-it_note http://www. 3m. com/us/about3M/innovation/archive. html